![]() Energy is always required to remove electrons from atoms or ions, so ionization processes are endothermic and IE values are always positive. The energy required to remove the third electron is the third ionization energy, and so on. The energy required to remove the second most loosely bound electron is called the second ionization energy (IE 2). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with +1 charge: Variation in Ionization Energies The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE 1). Lanthanum and actinium, because of their similarities to the other members of the series, are included and used to name the series, even though they are transition metals with no f electrons.
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